COP30 – UN Climate Summit 2025:
The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the UNFCCC began in Belém, Brazil, marking the decade since the Paris Agreement and focusing on translating global climate commitments into concrete implementation.
- COP30 is the annual UN Climate Conference under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), where nations assess progress on the Paris Agreement, strengthen emission targets, and negotiate finance and adaptation frameworks.
- Host: Hosted by Brazil in the Amazonian city of Belém.
- Aim is to make COP30 an “Implementation COP” that turns pledges into measurable outcomes, ensuring fair, inclusive, and equitable climate transitions aligned with the principles of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC).
- First major review since the Paris Agreement to assess global progress and identify gaps in mitigation and adaptation.
- New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) to scale climate finance from $100 billion to $300 billion annually by 2035, with a roadmap to mobilise $1.3 trillion per year from all actors.
- Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) establishing quantifiable, measurable targets and funding for climate resilience.
- Baku-to-Belém Climate Finance Roadmap framework to operationalise predictable finance for developing nations.
- Tropical Forests Forever Facility (TFFF) Brazil-led blended-finance fund to reward nations conserving tropical forests.
- Integration of Climate and Biodiversity Agendas linking carbon reduction with forest, ocean, and soil restoration.
