Global Climate Governance:
The global climate governance discourse shifted after COP30 at Belém, Brazil, branded as the Global Mutirão (collective effort).However, the summit drew criticism for procedural optimism without substantive action, as it implicitly accepted a 1.5°C overshoot while failing to secure binding climate finance or fossil-fuel phase-out.Climate governance refers to the web of international treaties, domestic laws, and institutional frameworks (like the UNFCCC) designed to coordinate global action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate impacts.
Current Architecture of Global Climate Governance:
Governance revolves around the CMP (Kyoto Protocol) and the CMA (Paris Agreement), operating like hop-on, hop-off buses that maintain diplomatic motion but lack a mandatory final destination.Decisions require consensus among nearly 200 nations, which effectively grants every party a veto and leads to diluted final texts that prioritize political face-saving over ecological necessity.Introduced at COP30, this framework emphasizes voluntary, people-led, and multi-stakeholder cooperation (civil society, youth, indigenous groups) rather than strictly binding state obligations. A shift toward stricter Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems intended to hold countries accountable for their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
