Somaliland:
Israel formally recognised the self-declared Republic of Somaliland as an independent and sovereign state.
- It is located in the Horn of Africa.
- It borders Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Puntland region, with a strategic coastline along the Gulf of Aden.
- Capital City: Hargeisa
- It functions as a de facto independent state with its own constitution, elected government, judiciary, security forces, currency, and national symbols.
- Governance combines modern democratic institutions with traditional clan-based mechanisms, ensuring stability and conflict resolution.
- It has a bicameral legislature, including the House of Elders (Guurti), and conducts regular elections contributing to institutional legitimacy.
- Berbera Port is being developed as a regional trade and logistics corridor, particularly serving landlocked Ethiopia.
- The economy is largely livestock-based, with exports to Gulf countries forming a major revenue source.
