Nile River Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement:
The Nile River Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) came into force on October 13, 2024, after over a decade of negotiations, aiming to promote equitable and sustainable use of the Nile’s water resources.
- The CFA replaces colonial agreements from 1929 and 1959 that gave Egypt veto powers over Nile usage.
- The CFA introduces Article 14b, ensuring no significant effect on water security for any Nile Basin State.
- Negotiated among nine Nile Basin countries (Burundi, DR Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda) and later ratified by five nations (Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda) and South Sudan acceded.
- Nations rejecting: Egypt and Sudan opposed the CFA, particularly Article 14b, citing concerns about water security.
