GLP-1 Drugs:
The Danish pharmaceutical giant Novo Nordisk launched its weight-loss injectable semaglutide, following Eli Lilly’s tirzepatide in India
- GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) is a naturally occurring gut hormone (incretin) released after food intake.
- It plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar, lipid metabolism, and appetite.
- GLP-1 receptor agonists are synthetic drugs that mimic this hormone, binding to its receptors to activate similar physiological responses.
- These drugs are mainly injectables, though oral versions are under development.
- Examples: Two leading GLP-1 drugs are:
- Semaglutide (by Novo Nordisk)
- Tirzepatide (by Eli Lilly)
- Both have been introduced in India and are transforming obesity and diabetes treatment.
- These drugs act by:
- Increasing insulin secretion when glucose is high.
- Inhibiting glucagon release, reducing liver glucose output.
- Slowing gastric emptying, preventing sudden spikes in blood sugar.
- Suppressing appetite, making the person feel full sooner.
- Tirzepatide additionally mimics GIP (Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide) for dual action.
