Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle: C61
ISRO launched the PSLV-C61 mission from Sriharikota to place the EOS-09 satellite into a Sun-synchronous polar orbit. The mission failed due to a third-stage issue.
- PSLV stands for Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, a four-stage launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
- It is primarily designed to place satellites into Sun-synchronous polar orbits (SSPOs), which are ideal for Earth observation missions.
- Each stage of PSLV is powered by a different engine and propellant combination, enabling it to carry medium-weight payloads to a variety of orbits with high precision.
- The PSLV has four stages, with alternate solid and liquid propulsion systems:
- First Stage: Uses HTPB-based solid propellant (Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene). In the XL configuration, it is supported by six strap-on boosters that enhance the initial thrust. Capable of generating a peak thrust of 4.8 MegaNewtons (MN).
- Second Stage: Powered by the Vikas engine, which uses a liquid fuel combination: Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) as fuel,Nitrogen Tetroxide (N₂O₄) as oxidiser, Generates a thrust of approximately 8 MN.
- Third Stage: Reverts to solid propulsion, again using HTPB-based fuel.
- Fourth Stage: Utilises two liquid engines burning Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen (MON).
