RAD51 Protein : Preventing DNA Re-Replication
Researchers recently identified the RAD51 protein as a key player in preventing DNA re-replication.
- RAD51 recombinase (RAD51) is a gene that encodes a protein that functions in homologous recombination and DNA repair.
- RAD51 has the function of finding and invading homologous DNA sequences to enable accurate and timely DNA repair.
- The RAD51 protein binds to the DNA at the site of a break and encases it in a protein sheath, which is an essential first step in the repair process.
- Breaks in DNA can be caused by natural and medical radiation or other environmental exposures, and also occur when chromosomes exchange genetic material in preparation for cell division.
- In the nucleus of many types of normal cells, the RAD51 protein interacts with many other proteins, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, to fix damaged DNA.
- The BRCA2 protein regulates the activity of the RAD51 protein by transporting it to sites of DNA damage in the nucleus.
- The interaction between the BRCA1 protein and the RAD51 protein is less clear, although research suggests that BRCA1 may also activate RAD51 in response to DNA damage.
- By helping repair DNA, these three proteins play a role in maintaining the stability of a cell’s genetic information.
