Refugee, Deportation and Related Issues in India:
India has intensified its action against illegal migrants, particularly along the eastern border, through measures such as deportation and pushbacks, in the wake of recent national security concerns and political developments in Bangladesh.However, increasing cases of wrongful expulsions, including of Indian citizens, have raised serious concerns regarding citizenship verification, due process, and constitutional safeguards.Deportation is the formal, legal process of removing a foreign national from Indian territory who is staying illegally or without valid documents. Procedure: Detection → Detention → Legal proceedings → Identity verification → Repatriation via diplomatic channels. Governed by laws like the Foreigners Act, 1946, and the Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025.Involves Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Foreigners Regional Registration Office (FRRO), and concerned embassy. Involves judicial oversight, compliance with Article 21 (Right to Life) and international norms.Pushback refers to the informal or extra-legal practice of forcibly returning suspected foreigners, especially near international borders, without due legal procedure.Conducted by: Primarily Border Security Force (BSF), often at the point of interception.Legal Status: Not codified in Indian law, lacks judicial oversight or nationality verification.
