15th Finance Commission Report UPSC Notes | Current Affairs

15th Finance Commission Report for the financial year 2020-2021 – UPSC

The Fifteenth Finance Commission constituted in November 2017 and is to give recommendations for devolution of taxes and other fiscal matters for five fiscal years, commencing 1 April 2020.

• The commission’s chairman is N. K. Singh, with its full-time members being Ajay Narayan Jha, Ashok Lahiri, and Anoop Singh.
• The 15th Finance Commission (Chair: Mr N. K. Singh) was required to submit two reports.
• The first report, consisting of recommendations for the financial year 2020-21, was tabled in Parliament on February 1, 2020.
• The final report with recommendations for the 2021-26 period will be submitted by October 30, 2020.

The key recommendation of the 15th Finance Commission:

1.Devolution of taxes to states:

• The share of states in the centre’s taxes is recommended to be decreased from 42% during the 2015-20 period to 41% for 2020-21.
• The 1% decrease is to provide for the newly formed union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh from the resources of the central government.

2.Grants-in-aid:

In 2020-21, the following grants will be provided to states:

• revenue deficit grants,
• Grants to local bodies, and
• Disaster management grants.

The Commission has also proposed a framework for sector-specific and performance-based grants. State-specific grants will be provided in the final report.

Revenue deficit grants:

• In 2020-21, 14 states are estimated to have an aggregate revenue deficit of Rs 74,340 crore post-devolution.
• Special grants: In the case of three states, the sum of devolution and revenue deficit grants is estimated to decline in 2020-21 as compared to 2019-20. These states are Karnataka, Mizoram, and Telangana. The Commission has recommended special grants to these states aggregating to Rs 6,764 crore.
• Sector-specific grants: The Commission has recommended a grant of Rs 7,375 crore for nutrition in 2020-21. Sector-specific grants for the following sectors will be provided in the final report:
  •  nutrition,
  • health,
  • pre-primary education,
  • judiciary,
  • rural connectivity,
  • railways,
  • police training, and
  • housing.
• Performance-based grants: Guidelines for performance-based grants include:
  • implementation of agricultural reforms,
  • development of aspirational districts and blocks,
  • power sector reforms,
  • enhancing trade including exports,
  • incentives for education, and
  • promotion of domestic and international tourism.
  • The grant amount will be provided in the final report.

Grants to local bodies:

The total grants to local bodies for 2020-21 have been fixed at Rs 90,000 crore, of which Rs 60,750 crore is recommended for rural local bodies (67.5%) and Rs 29,250 crores for urban local bodies (32.5%).

• This allocation is 4.31% of the divisible pool.
• This is an increase over the grants for local bodies in 2019-20, which amounted to 3.54% of the divisible pool (Rs 87,352 crore).
• The grants will be divided between states based on population and area in the ratio 90:10.
• The grants will be made available to all three tiers of Panchayat- village, block, and district.

Disaster risk management:

• For 2020-21, State Disaster Risk Management Funds have been allocated Rs 28,983 crore, out of which the share of the union is Rs 22,184 crore. The National Disaster Risk Management Funds has been allocated Rs 12,390 crore
• The Commission recommended setting up National and State Disaster Management Funds (NDMF and SDMF) for the promotion of local-level mitigation activities.
• The Commission has recommended retaining the existing cost-sharing patterns between the centre and states to fund the SDMF (new) and the SDRF (existing).
• The cost-sharing pattern between centre and states is (i) 75:25 for all states, and (ii) 90:10 for north-eastern and Himalayan states.

3.Fiscal roadmap:

Fiscal deficit and debt levels:

• The Commission noted that recommending a credible fiscal and debt trajectory roadmap remains problematic due to uncertainty around the economy.
• It recommended that both central and state governments should focus on debt consolidation and comply with the fiscal deficit and debt levels as per their respective Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Acts.

Off-budget borrowings:

• The Commission observed that financing capital expenditure through off-budget borrowings detracts from compliance with the FRBM Act.
• It recommended that both the central and state governments should make full disclosure of extra-budgetary borrowings.
• The outstanding extra-budgetary liabilities should be clearly identified and eliminated in a time-bound manner.

The statutory framework for public financial management:

• The Commission recommended forming an expert group to draft legislation to provide for a statutory framework for the sound public financial management system.
• It observed that an overarching legal fiscal framework is required which will provide for budgeting, accounting, and audit standards to be followed at all levels of government.
• Tax capacity: In 2018-19, the tax revenue of state governments and central government together stood at around 17.5% of GDP.
• The Commission noted that tax revenue is far below the estimated tax capacity of the country. Further, India’s tax capacity has largely remained unchanged since the early 1990s. In contrast, tax revenue has been rising in other emerging markets.
• The Commission recommended:
  • broadening the tax base,
  • streamlining tax rates,
  • and increasing capacity and expertise of tax administration in all tiers of the government.
• GST implementation: The Commission highlighted some challenges with the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). These include :
  • the large shortfall in collections as compared to the original forecast,
  • high volatility in collections,
  • accumulation of large integrated GST credit,
  • glitches in invoice and input tax matching, and
  • delay in refunds.
• The Commission observed that the continuing dependence of states on compensation from the central government (21 states out of 29 states in 2018-19) for making up for the shortfall in revenue is a concern. It suggested that the structural implications of GST for low consumption states need to be considered.

Other recommendations

• Financing of security-related expenditure:
• The ToR of the Commission required it to examine whether a separate funding mechanism for defence and internal security should be set up and if so, how it can be operationalised.
• In this regard, the Commission intends to constitute an expert group comprising representatives of the Ministries of Defence, Home Affairs, and Finance.
• The Commission noted that the Ministry of Defence proposed following measures for this purpose:
  •  setting up of a non-lapsable fund,
  • Levy of cess,
  • the monetisation of surplus land and other assets,
  • tax-free defence bonds, and
  • utilising proceeds of disinvestment of defence public sector undertakings.
• The expert group is expected to examine these proposals or alternative funding mechanisms.